List of defunct and relocated Major League Baseball teams

Over the history of Major League Baseball, numerous franchises have moved or become defunct. Many played in the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), today's two existing major leagues, but other franchises played in one of the 11 major leagues that have gone defunct. The classification of the major leagues is based on Major League Baseball's recognition of historical leagues.

Major league baseball emerged in the 1870s, and four major leagues, including the NL, played at least one season of baseball in the nineteenth century. During this period, dozens of franchises were founded, but most went defunct, leaving just twelve NL franchises by the 1892 season and eight after the 1899 season. In 1901, the American League emerged with several new franchises. The Federal League (FL) challenged the AL/NL primacy for two seasons, but went defunct with all of its teams after the 1915 season. Numerous Negro leagues operated during the first half of the twentieth century; seven leagues that operated from 1920 to 1948 were later recognized as major leagues by Major League Baseball.

The most recent NL or AL team to cease operations is the Baltimore Orioles, which went defunct after the 1902 season. The first NL or AL team to move was the Boston Braves, which went to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Several teams moved over the next twenty years, often to the Southern or Western United States, ending in 1971 when the Washington Senators became the Texas Rangers. The next move of any sort came in 2005, when the Montreal Expos became the Washington Nationals. In 2025, the Oakland Athletics plan to temporarily move to West Sacramento, California, and brand themselves as the "A's" and "Athletics" with no city name attached until they permanently move to Las Vegas in 2028 or later when their new ballpark is completed.

List of defunct and relocated major league franchises since 1892

National, American, and Federal League franchises

These franchises played in the National League, the American League, or the Federal League after the 1891 season and either went defunct or moved. Some franchises appear more than once in the table; for example, the Braves franchise appears twice because they moved to Milwaukee in 1952 and to Atlanta in 1965.

League: The league the franchise was in at the time of their move
First: First year in Major League Baseball
Last: Last year in Major League Baseball
Post–change status: The status of the franchise after moving or becoming defunct
Current status: The current status of the franchise
P: League championships won
WS: World Series victories
^: City would later receive a new franchise

Negro major league franchises

In 2020, Major League Baseball extended major league recognition to seven Negro leagues:

Negro National League (NNL I), 1920–1931
Eastern Colored League (ECL), 1923–1928
American Negro League (ANL), 1929
East–West League (EWL), 1932
Negro Southern League (NSL), 1932
Negro National League (NNL II), 1933–1948
Negro American League (NAL), 1937–1948

The listed years in the table below indicate the first and last years that the franchise played in a major league as recognized by Major League Baseball; many franchises existed before or after playing in a major league. Franchises that played only as associate clubs of a major league are not included. From 1924 to 1927, and from 1942 to 1948, the top Negro leagues crowned a champion through the Negro World Series.

List of major league franchises that went defunct prior to 1892

The franchises in the following list went defunct before the 1892 season, and played in the National League, the American Association (AA), the Players' League (PL), the Union Association (UA), or some combination of the four leagues. The NL has played continuously since 1876, the AA existed from 1882 to 1891, the UA existed for one season in 1884, and the PL operated for one season in 1890. Note that there have been many cases of multiple distinct franchises sharing the same name.

In 1968–1969, the Special Records Committee, which was established by Major League Baseball, defined the major leagues as consisting of the NA, NL, AA, PL, UA, American League, and Federal League. The Special Records Committee excluded the National Association (NA), which operated from 1871 to 1875, as a major league. Some baseball writers have nonetheless argued that the NA should be considered the first major league, but NA franchises are not included below unless they later played in the National League.

†Indicates a franchise that played in the National Association prior to joining the National League

Timelines

Franchise and league timeline

This timeline includes all franchises (including non-defunct franchises) that played in the AL or NL after 1891; it also shows the eleven historical leagues during the period in which each is considered a major league by Major League Baseball. Only major and recent name changes are marked in blue. Franchise moves are marked in black.

National League franchises American League franchises Other leagues

From 1954 through 1959, during the Cold War, the Cincinnati Reds changed their name to the Redlegs for 5 seasons due to the connection between communism and the color red.
The Baltimore Orioles were inaugurated in 1901 as the Milwaukee Brewers and finished in dead last. They quickly moved to St. Louis as the Browns and eventually moved to Baltimore.
The Houston Astros were named the Colt .45s for their inaugural three seasons.
L.A.A.A stands for Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The name caused controversy between the two cities and led to the 2015 name change.
The Milwaukee Brewers played their 1969 inaugural season in Seattle as the Pilots but moved to Milwaukee six days before the 1970 season opener.
Tampa Bay started as the Devil Rays in 1998 and changed their name in 2009 to the Rays, dropping the “Devil” from the original name.

Pre-1900 city timeline

This timeline shows the history of major league franchises (including non-defunct franchises) before 1900. Multiple bars for a city indicates that the city hosted multiple major league franchises at the same time; for example, Philadelphia at times hosted two or three franchises concurrently. Gaps in the bars indicate a change in franchises; for example, there were three franchises known as the Kansas City Cowboys. Franchise moves are not tracked by this timeline.

National League Franchise American Association franchise Union Association franchise Player's League franchise

Cities that have hosted National or American League baseball teams

Anaheim, CA (1966–present)
Atlanta (1966–present)
Baltimore (1882–1899, 1901–1902, 1954–present)
Boston (1871–present, two teams 1901–52)
Brooklyn (1877, 1890–1957)
Buffalo, NY (1879–1885)
Chicago (1874–present, two teams 1901–present)
Cincinnati (1876–1879, 1890–present)
Cleveland (1879–1884, 1887–1899, 1901–present)
Dallas/Fort Worth (1972–present)
Denver (1993–present)
Detroit (1881–1888, 1901–present)
Hartford (1876)
Houston (1962–present)
Indianapolis (1878, 1887–1889)
Kansas City (1886, 1955–67, 1969–present)
Los Angeles (1958–present, two teams 1961–1965)
Louisville (1876–1877, 1882–1899)
Miami (1993–present)
Milwaukee (1878, 1901, 1953–65, 1970–present)
Minneapolis–Saint Paul (1961–present)
Montreal (1969–2004)
New York City (1876, 1883–present, three teams 1903–57, and two teams 1962–present)
Oakland, CA (1968–2024)
Philadelphia (1876, 1883–present, two teams 1901–54)
Phoenix (1998–present)
Pittsburgh (1887–present)
Providence (1878–1885)
San Diego (1969–present)
San Francisco (1958–present)
Seattle (1969, 1977–present)
St. Louis (1876–77, 1885–86, 1892–present, two teams 1902–1953)
Syracuse (1879)
Tampa/St. Petersburg (1998–present)
Toronto (1977–present)
Troy, NY (1879–1882)
Washington, DC (1886–1889, 1891–1899, 1901–60, 1961–71, 2005–present)
West Sacramento, California (2025–2027)
Worcester (1880–1882)